Nourishing Your Heart: A Mauritian Guide to Cardiovascular Wellness Through Diet

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a growing concern in Mauritius, as in many developing countries. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, hypertension and diabetes continue to pose serious public health challenges. National nutrition surveys and NCD reports consistently highlight rising risk factors including obesity, high cholesterol and low levels of physical activity.

For heart patients, dietary choices go beyond weight control. They are essential for reducing inflammation, regulating blood pressure, managing cholesterol and supporting overall heart function. This is where personalized nutritional guidance and medical supervision become essential. This article shares practical tips and guidance from Nousruth Mahadawoo Rohoman, Nutritionist at MedActiv, to help you make heart-friendly choices that support long-term cardiovascular health.

Key Dietary Approaches for Heart Health

Different dietary patterns have shown significant benefits for cardiovascular health. Here are a few notable ones, along with considerations for heart patients:

1. The DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)

The DASH diet is specifically designed to lower blood pressure and is highly recommended by medical professionals for individuals with hypertension or those at risk of developing it. Key principles of the DASH diet include:

High intake of fruits and vegetables rich in potassium, magnesium and fiber. In Mauritius, this means incorporating a variety of local produce such as papaya, mango, litchi, green leafy vegetables and traditional legumes.
Whole grains like brown rice, whole wheat bread and oats, which are excellent sources of fiber.
Lean protein from poultry, fish (including local varieties like capitaine and gueule pavé), and plant-based sources, while limiting red meat.
Low-fat dairy products, which provide calcium and protein without excess saturated fat.
Limiting saturated and trans fats by reducing intake of processed foods, fried snacks and high-fat meats commonly found in the Mauritian diet.
Reducing sodium intake significantly, which is a critical component. This includes cooking at home with less added salt and avoiding processed foods and savory snacks high in sodium.

For Mauritian heart patients: The DASH diet aligns well with traditional Mauritian cuisine, which often features fresh vegetables and fish. The main challenge lies in reducing high-sodium seasonings and processed ingredients that are commonly used.

2. The Mediterranean Diet

Widely recognised for its heart-protective benefits, the Mediterranean diet is not a strict regimen but a healthy eating pattern inspired by the traditional diets of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It promotes a balanced approach to nutrition and is especially beneficial for cardiovascular health. Key features include:

Abundant plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds.
Healthy fats, with olive oil as the primary source, complemented by avocado and nuts.
Moderate consumption of fish and poultry, replacing red meat with leaner protein options.
Legumes and pulses, which provide essential protein and fiber.
Limited intake of red meat and sweets, consumed only occasionally.
Optional moderate wine intake, for adults and in culturally appropriate contexts.
Herbs and spices, used generously to flavour dishes, including local options like thyme, curry leaves and ginger, helping reduce reliance on salt.

3. Modified Traditional Mauritian Diet

Instead of completely overhauling eating habits, adapting the traditional Mauritian diet can be highly effective:

Reduce oily and fried foods: Many traditional dishes involve frying. Opt for grilling, baking, steaming or stir-frying with minimal oil. For example, instead of fried fish, have grilled fish.
Increase vegetable portions: Traditionally, rice or roti often takes up the largest portion. Shift towards larger servings of vegetables and curries made with less oil.
Choose leaner meats: If consuming meat, opt for chicken without skin, fish or lean cuts of beef/lamb (less frequently).
Smart snacking: Replace fried snacks like 'gato pima' or 'gato arouille' with fresh fruits, unsalted nuts or plain yogurt.
Hydration: Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
Rethink 'roti' and 'farata': While delicious, these can be high in refined flour and oil. Consider whole-wheat versions or have them less frequently, balancing with more vegetable-based dishes.

For Mauritian heart patients: This diet is highly adaptable to the Mauritian context, with an emphasis on fresh fish, local vegetables, fruits and the use of healthy oils. It encourages a shift away from heavily processed oils and excessive red meat.

The Importance of Professional Guidance

Choosing the right diet for a heart patient is a complex decision that should always be made in consultation with a healthcare professional, such as a cardiologist or a registered nutritionist. Factors to consider include:

Individual health status: Existing conditions like diabetes, kidney disease or other cardiac issues.
Medications: Dietary changes can interact with medications.
Nutrient deficiencies: Ensuring all essential nutrients are met.
Lifestyle and cultural preferences: To ensure sustainability and adherence.